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Human
Relations MGMT611
VU
Lesson
44
REVIEW-II
1.
Self
Confidence and Self-Efficacy
2.
Leadership:
Difference between Leadership
and Managerial ship
3.
Theories
of Leadership
4.
Culture
and Globalization
5.
Major
Dimensions of Cultural Differences
6.
Developing
a Good Relationship with your
Manager or Team Leader,
Co-Workers, Customers
7.
Career
and Steps for Choosing a
Career
8.
Targeting
Job Search
9.
What
is a Resume?
10.
Major
Types of Resumes
11.
Job
interview
12.
Developing
Good Work Habits
13.
Procrastination
and Reasons of Procrastination
14.
Time-Management
Techniques
1.
Self Confidence and
Self-Efficacy
Self
Confidence:
Self-confidence
is the ability and belief in
our self to do those tasks
that are given to us by our
self or by
other
people in our family or from
our employers. It is a kind of
mental and physical force to do the
job we
are
assigned to do.
Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy
is the belief in one's capability to
perform a task.
Steps
to build self-confidence:
These
are certain steps which
can be followed to build up
self-confidence
Write
down Personal Assets and
Achievements:
·
Develop
a Solid Knowledge Base:
·
Use
positive self talk:
·
Avoid
Negative Self-Talk:
·
Use
Positive Visual Imagery:
·
Strive
for Peak Performance:
·
Bounce
Back from Setbacks and
Embarrassments:
·
Get
Past the Emotional
Turmoil:
·
Find
a Creative Solution to Your
Problem:
2.
Leadership: Difference between
leadership and managerial ship
Leadership
It
is the process of bringing about
positive changes and
influencing others to achieve
organizational goals.
Character
Attributes of Leaders:
People
must have these attributes to be a
leader. If these attributes are
not found in a person,
he/she can be
a
manager but not a
leader.
1.
Integrity
2.
Honesty
3.
Loyalty
4.
Selflessness
5.
Compassion
6.
Competency
7.
Respectfulness
8.
Fairness
9.
Responsibility
10.
Decisiveness
11.
Spiritual appreciation
12.
Cooperativeness
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Human
Relations MGMT611
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Difference
between leadership and managerial
ship:
The
manager
plays
the role of caretaker or system
stabilizer responsible for day-to-day
routine
maintenance,
supervision and administration of the existing
system of operation.
Leaders,
however, play the
role of change agents
responsible for effectively bringing
about changes or
transformations
in the existing system and its
members.
3.
Theories of leadership
1.
Big man theory:
This
kind of theory is about the
leaders who are called
leaders by birth or born
leaders.
2.
Contingency theory:
In
this category fall those
individuals who become
leaders out of
circumstances.
3.
Trait theory:
In
this type of theory behavioural traits or
characteristics are taught and learnt
through training.
4.
Culture and Globalization
Culture
Culture
is a learned and shared
system of knowledge, beliefs, values,
attitudes, and norms.
Globalization
Globalization
and cross-cultural diversity clearly
opens up opportunities for development.
Globalization is
introducing
and instilling cross cultural
values in people. Globalization
refers to the spread of new forms
of
nonterritorial
social activity (Ruggie,
1993; Scholte, 2000). Human
relations have become diverse
due to
the
increasing personal and workplace
complexities.
5.
Major Dimensions of Cultural
Differences:
Seven
dimensions (or facets) of cultural
values that help explain
how cultures differ from
each other are
described
here.
1.
Individualism vs. collectivism:
2.
Acceptance of power and
authority:
4.
Materialism vs. concern for
others:
4.
Formality vs.
informality:
5.
Urgent time orientation vs.
casual time orientation:
6.
Work orientation vs. leisure
orientation:
7.
High context vs. low-context
cultures:
Barriers
to cross-cultural relations:
There
are several factors that
create problems in developing smooth
cross-cultural relations,
including
communication
problems. In this lesson we will
focus on those barriers or
handicaps which
become
hindrance
in the way of developing better interpersonal
cross-cultural relationships.
·
Perceptuel
Expectations
·
Ethnocentrism
·
Intergroup
Rather than Interpersonal
Relationships
·
Stereotypes
in Intergroup Relations
·
Different
Norms and Codes of
Conduct
·
Unintentional
Micro-Inequities (use of thumb
for OK)
Strategies
to improve cross-cultural
relations:
Here
we take a systematic look at
approaches people can use on
their own along with
training programs
designed
to improve cross-cultural
relations.
·
Develop
Cultural Sensitivity
·
Focus
on Individuals Rather than
Groups
·
Respect
all Workers and
Cultures
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Human
Relations MGMT611
VU
·
Value
Cultural Differences
·
Minimize
Cultural Bloopers/embarrassments
·
Participate
in Cultural Training
·
Foreign
language training
·
Diversity
training
6.
Developing a good relationship with your
manager or team leader, Co-workers,
Customers
Developing
a good relationship with your manager or
team leader
The
approaches are grouped into
two categories:
1.
Creating
a favorable impression on your manager or
team leader
2.
Coping
with an intolerable
manager
1.
Impressing your manager
·
Achieve
Good Job Performance
·
Display a
Strong Work Ethic
·
Demonstrate
Good Emotional
Intelligence
·
Be Dependable
and Honest
·
Be a
Good Organizational Citizen
·
Create
a Strong Presence
·
Find
Out What Your Manager
Expects of You
·
Minimize
Complaints
·
Avoid
Bypassing Your
Manager
·
Use
Discretion in Socializing With
Your Manager
·
Engage
in Favorable Interaction with Your
Manager
2.
Coping with a problem manager
·
Reevaluate
Your Manager
·
Confront
Your Manager about the
Problem
·
Learn
from Your Manager's
Mistakes
Building
Good Relations with
Co-workers
·
Develop
Allies through Being
Civil
·
Make
Co-workers feel important
·
Maintain
Honest and Open
Relationships
·
Be a
Team Player
·
Avoid
backstabbing
·
Follow
Groups Standards of Conduct
·
Express
an Interest in the Work and
Personal Life of
Others
·
Use
Appropriate Compliments
·
Deal
Effectively with Difficult
People
Building
good relationships with
customers
Success
on the job also requires
good relationships with both external
and internal customers. An
employee
whose
thoughts and actions are
geared toward helping
customers has a customer
service orientation.
Good
service is the primary factor that
keeps customers coming back.
Profits jump considerably as
the
customer
is retained over time. Suggestions
for achieving high-level
customer service are as
follows:
1.
Establish customer satisfaction
goals.
2.
Understand your customer's needs
and place them first.
3.
Show care and
concern.
4.
Communicate a positive attitude.
5.
Make the buyer feel good.
6.
Display strong business ethics.
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Human
Relations MGMT611
VU
7.
Be helpful rather than defensive when a
customer complains.
8.
Invite the customer
back.
9.
Avoid rudeness.
In
short, good customer service
stems naturally from practicing good
human relations.
7.
Career and steps for
choosing a career
Career
A
career is a series of related
job experiences that fit
into a meaningful pattern. A general
strategy for
making
a sound career choice is to
understand first the inner you,
including what you have to
offer, and
then
match that information with
information in the outside
world.
Ten
steps for choosing a
career
We
can identify a career
following these ten steps
which is more compatible with
our interest
1.
Begin with your
values
2.
Identify your skills and
talents
3.
Identify your
preferences
4.
Experiment
5.
Become broadly literate
6.
In your first job, opt
for experience first and
money second
7.
Aim for a job in which
you can be committed
8.
Build your life style around
your income, not your
expectations
9.
Invest five percent of your
income, energy, and money
into furthering your
career
10.
Be willing to change and
adapt
8.
Targeting job search
There
are certain points which we
should keep in mind while
looking for a job.
·
Would
I feel more comfortable working in an
office with hundreds of
other people? Or
would
I
prefer just a handful of
coworkers?
·
Would
I prefer working in a place where people
went out of their way to
dress in a stylish
manner?
Or would I prefer an informal place
where not so much emphasis
was placed on
appearance?
·
Would
I prefer to work in a small town or in a
busy metropolitan
area?
·
How
important is access to stores
and restaurants?
·
Would
it be best for me to work
where I could rely on public
transportation
·
Would
I really prefer an easygoing atmosphere
or a highly competitive
environment?
·
How
important are the social
aspects of work to
me?
9.
What is a Resume?
Resume
is the first meeting between an
employee and a prospective employer.
Resumes introduce the
applicant
with the prospective employer. It is the document
which encloses the educational
qualification,
relevant
work experience, and
personal detail of a person submitted to an employer
or some other
authority
for
securing a job.
Forms
of contact
We
can communicate in a number of ways,
which are as follows:
Written
Spoken
CV
(curriculum vitae)
Letter
10.
Major types of
resumes
Writing
a resume is an art. It is written in
various types and forms.
Some of its popular forms
are:
The
chronological
résumé presents
facts in reverse chronological
order.
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Human
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The
functional
résumé organizes
skills and accomplishments
into the function performed.
The
targeted
résumé focuses
on a specific job target and
only presents information relevant
to
that
target.
The
creative
resume presents
skills in a creative
form
The
gimmickry
resume is
also to get the attention of the
prospective employer.
11.
Job Interview
Interview
is a technique to assess the interviewee by the
interviewer whether he/she is fit
for that
particular
job for which he/she is
being interviewed. The process of
recruiting of suitable
persons
through
interview is essential to run the
organizational affairs.
Successful
interview
You
can learn to be prepared for
the interview. Some suggestions
for having a successful interview
follow as
under:
1.
Prepare in advance (including memorizing
basic facts about you).
2.
Dress appropriately (match the type of
employer).
3.
Focus on important job
factors (not benefits and
vacations).
4.
Be prepared for a frank
discussion of your strengths
and areas for
improvement.
5.
Do not knock former
employers. Avoid talking negatively
about your previous
employers.
6.
Ask a few good
questions.
7.
Let the interviewer introduce the
topic of compensation.
8.
Smile and exhibit a positive
attitude. Don't show dejected or
depressed.
9.
Emphasize how your skills
can benefit the employer.
10.
Avoid appearing
desperate.
11.
Ask for the job and
follow through (with a thank
you letter).
12.
Developing Good Work
Habits
Work
habits
Work
habits refer to a person's characteristic
approach to work, including
such things as organization,
priority
setting, and handling of
paper work and
e-mail.
Good
work habits
Good
work habits means, being
organized and prioritizing
tasks according to their importance.
Good work
habits
and time management are
extremely important because of the
current emphasis on enhancing
productivity.
·
Good
work habits can be developed by
following these certain
principles/rules.
·
Develop
a Mission, Goals, and a
Strong Work Ethic
·
Value
Your Time
·
Value
Neatness, Orderliness, and
Speed
·
Work
Smarter, Not Harder
·
Become
Self-Employed Psychologically
·
Appreciate
the Importance of Rest and
Relaxation
13.
Procrastination and Reasons of
Procrastination
Procrastination
The
productivity can be enhanced by
improving work habits relating to
procrastination. Productivity is the
amount
of quality work done with the
resources consumed. The
leading cause of poor
productivity and
career
self-sabotage is procrastination,
delaying
a task for an invalid or
weak reason. Even
productive
people
have problems with procrastination at
times.
Key
reasons for procrastination
include:
Unpleasant
tasks
If
you do not like the tasks or
assignments which you are
supposed to do, might be the
reason of
delaying
them.
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Human
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Overwhelming
Sometimes
you think that the task
given to you is so huge that
you can not handle,
you keep on
hesitating
to initiate it.
Concerns
about negative consequences of one's
work
Sometimes
the fear of negative results of
doing a task becomes the
reason of postponing
it.
Fear
of success (worry
about assuming too much
responsibility)
Lack
of a perceived meaningful reward
for doing the
task
If
you feel that you would
not be rewarded meaningfully,
you would hesitate to do
that work.
Enjoyment
of the rush derived from
scrambling to make a
deadline
Some
people enjoy doing things at the eleventh
hour.
Perfectionism
People
also become victim of procrastination
due to the habit of perfectionism.
Techniques
for Reducing Procrastination
Being
aware of the productivity consequences of
procrastination is a good start for
reducing
procrastination.
A few specific techniques are
also helpful.
·
Cost
of procrastination
·
Counter
attack
·
Jump-start
·
Sub-divide
the large task
·
Motivate
yourself with rewards and
punishments
·
WIFO
(worst in first out)
·
Commitment to
other people
·
Express
positively
14.
Time-Management Techniques
The
appropriate time-management techniques
are also necessary to
achieve high personal
productivity.
·
Clean
Up and Get Organized
·
Plan
Your Activities
·
Get
off to a Good Start
·
Make
Good Use of Office
Technology
·
Concentrate
on One Key Task at a
Time
·
Work
at a Steady Pace
·
Create
Some Quiet, Uninterrupted
Time
·
Streamline
Your Work and Emphasize
Important Tasks
·
Make
Use of Bits of Time
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