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WHAT RADIO IS:HISTORY OF RADIO, MARCONI –THE INVENTOR

HISTORY OF RADIO:B.B.C. – 1922, Radio in Sub-Continent, PBC SERVICES >>
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LESSON 01
WHAT RADIO IS
MEANING-1
The Broadcasting of Programs
MEANING-2
The process of sending & receiving messages by converting voice into electromagnetic waves.
MEANING -3
Radio is a device which converts electromagnetic waves into sound waves. At start radio used to have a big
box like shape but now it can easily fit into your pocket or be fixed in your mobile phone.
19TH CENTURY---INVENTIONS:
An unending effort to invent & improve means of communication.
SR.
ERA
SCIENTIST
PLACE
INVENTION
NO.
ALEXANDER
1
1847-1922
GRAHAM BELL
CANADA
TELEPHONE.
EMILE
DISK RECORD
2
1851-1929
BERLINER
GERMANY
GRAMOPHONE
3
1899-1985
LASZLO BIRO
HUNGRY
BALLPEN(BIRO)
LOUIS
BRAILLE WRITING
4
1809-1852
BRAILLE
FRANCE
SYSTEM
THOMAS
MOTION PICTURE
5
1847-1931
EDISON
USA
PROJECTOR
HISTORY OF RADIO:
1- STORY STARTS IN 1820
It was observed that,
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNET BOTH CAN ATTRACT AND REPEL OBJECTS
This observation led scientists to a series of experiments which finally made the invention of radio possible
through the discovery of electromagnetic waves.
2- 1820---HANS CHRISTEN ORSTED--performed an experiment on man-made electric current
and magnetism.
He demonstrated that a wire, carrying electricity was able to deflect a magnetized compass needle.
3- ANDRE MARIE AMPERE
Greatly influenced by Hans' experiment, Andre proposed The Theory of Electromagnetism. Scientists
came to know that controlled electromagnetic waves could do wonders.
4- 1831- MICHEAL FARADAY----
Discovered Electromagnetic Induction.
5- 1861-65-- JAMES CLERK MAXWELL--
Did successful experiments with electromagnetic waves.
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6- JULY 30, 1872--
Maxwell wrote a paper to royal society, titled:
"A DYNAMICAL THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD."
He was 1st to describe the theoretical basis of the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
7- 1878-- DAVID E. HUGHS-----
He was the first to transmit and receive radio waves when he noticed noise in his home-made telephone
receiver with electromagnetic waves.
8- 1886-1888----HEINRICH HERTZ----
Validated Maxwell's theory. Hertz proved, radio radiation was a kind of waves---
hence the waves are
called "Hertzian waves".
"BEGINNING OF WIRELESS RADIO" ­ (WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY)
1- 1893 ­ ST. LOUIS TESLA
At St. Louis Missouri Tesla gave a public demonstration of wireless radio communication.
2- AUG.19, 1894 .SIR OLIVER LODGE
British physicist demonstrated the reception of "morse code signaling'' using radio waves.
3- NOV. 1894, JAGDISH CHANDRA BOSE
Demonstrated the radio waves in Kolkata, India.
4- MAY 7, 1895. ALEXENDER POPOV
Popov, a Russian physicist, demonstrated publicly the transmission and reception of radio waves used for
radio communication at the Russian physical and chemical society. The day is now celebrated as radio day in
Russia.
MARCONI ­THE INVENTOR
Name--------------------------Guglielmo Marches Marconi
Date of birth ---------------25th April 1874--- Italy
Father -------------------------lawnmower
Profession ------------------ electrical engineer
Nobel laureate ------------- for developing a practical wireless telegraphy system--radio
The system got widespread use throughout the world and Marconi was credited "the father of the radio".
ACHIEVEMENTS
1896----- Salisbury plains England ------Marconi demonstrated the transmission& reception of radio signals
over two miles.
1896 ------ Marconi was awarded a patent for radio with British patent 12039.
13 may, 1897 -------Marconi made a wireless transmission across water--- from Laver Lock point to Flat
Holm, Island
2
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July 1897­ formed the Marconi telegraph trading Signal Company-- later renamed "the Marconi wireless
telegraph company"
1898 ­ Established world's 1st wireless factory in Hall Street, Chelmsford England.
1901­ Built a station at Massachusetts.
12th Dec.1901 ­ Marconi received the 1st transatlantic radio signal at Signal Hill Newfoundland Canada.
1903-------The  Marconi  Company  was  carrying  regular  transatlantic
news
transmission.
Marconi sent 1st message from U.S.A.'s president to the king of U.K
2ND WORLD WAR
Marconi was in charge of the Italian wireless service and he developed short wave secret communication
transmission during the war.
20th July 1937 ­ Marconi died of heart attack. Radio stations throughout the world observed two
minutes' silence.
3
Table of Contents:
  1. WHAT RADIO IS:HISTORY OF RADIO, MARCONI –THE INVENTOR
  2. HISTORY OF RADIO:B.B.C. – 1922, Radio in Sub-Continent, PBC SERVICES
  3. OBJECTIVES OF BROADCASTING IN PAKISTAN:Information, Islamic ideology
  4. NEWS VALUES I:CONFLICT, PROGRESS, VICTORY AND DEFEAT
  5. NEWS VALUES II:TIMELINESS, PROXIMITY, NOVELTY, HUMAN INTEREST
  6. NEWS VALUES AND ELEMENTS OF NEWS:MISCELLANEOUS NEWS VALUES
  7. MEASURING THE IMPORTANCE OF NEWS:Intensity of an Event, NEWS STORY TYPES
  8. TYPES OF NEWS STORIES II:SIMPLE TYPES, ILLNESS, DEATH
  9. TYPES OF NEWS STORIES III:Conspiracy, Drug Trafficking, Lunar Months
  10. TYPES OF NEWS STORIES IV:COMPLEX NEWS, Forms of Government, Monarchy
  11. TYPES OF NEWS STORIES V:Education, Research, Religion
  12. TYPES OF NEWS STORIES VI:Lifestyles, Receptions, Entertainment
  13. SOURCES OF NEWS I:Network of Reporters, QUALITIES OF A REPORTER
  14. SOURCES OF NEWS II:MONITORING, NEWS/ PRESS RELEASE
  15. SOURCES OF NEWS III:National News Agencies, HARD NEWS, SOFT NEWS
  16. REPORTING:ORDER OF REPORTING, REPORTER’S QUALITIES, Well informed
  17. A SUCCESSFUL RADIO REPORTER:Briefing, Reporter’s Ammunition, Meeting Deadline
  18. INTERPRETATIVE REPORTING I:Growth of Interpretative Reporting
  19. INTERPRETATIVE REPORTING II:Factual Background, SPEECH STORY
  20. INTERPRETATIVE REPORTING III:FIRES & ACCIDENTS, CRIME STORIES
  21. INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING I:Thalidomide Scandal, Watergate Scandal
  22. INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING II:Identification of the problem, INTERVIEW
  23. TYPES OF INTERVIEW:Hard News Interview, Informational Interview
  24. ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD INTERVIEW I:Comments and Opinion, Topic must be specific
  25. ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD INTERVIEW II:Preparation of the Interview, Language
  26. RADIO NEWS GLOSSARY:Actuality, Cut, Voicer, Wrap, Hourly, Lead
  27. FUNDAMENTALS OF NEWS WRITING:Inverted Pyramided Style, Telling the Story
  28. FUNDAMENTALS OF WRITING NEWS FOR RADIO I:Language
  29. FUNDAMENTALS OF WRITING NEWS FOR RADIO II:Complex numbers
  30. ESSENTIALS OF A NEWSCASTER:Authority, Credibility, Language, Pronunciation
  31. PRODUCTION AND PLANNING:Principals of Planning a Program
  32. PRODUCER & BUDGETING:Strengths of a Radio Program, Budgeting a Program
  33. JARGONS OF PRODUCTION (Continued):Frequency spectrum, Dead studio
  34. TYPES OF TALK:Qualification of a Talker, Essentials of a talk, Vetting a talk
  35. DISCUSSION:Controlled Discussion, Live Discussion, Current affairs
  36. DISCUSSION:Selection of the TopicKnowledge of the Topic, Narrowing down the topic
  37. RADIO FEATURE:Sound Effects, Narration, Dramatic Feature, Religion, Personalities
  38. RADIO DOCUMENTARY:Commentary, History, Persons, Things, Phenomena
  39. DRAMA:Solo plays, Series, Serial, Soap, Components of Drama
  40. SPECIAL AUDIENCE PROGRAM:Children’s Programs, Women’s programs
  41. SPORTS PROGRAM:Live Programs, Recorded Programs, Preparation of OB
  42. THE MUSIC I:Folk Music, Classical Music, Light Music, Pop Music
  43. THE MUSIC II:Classification of Raga In Terms Of Notes, Aado, Khaado
  44. ETHICS & LIMITATIONS OF MEDIA:Domain of Freedom of Media, Defamation
  45. RECAP:What Radio Is, Timeliness, Elements of news, Types of Reporting, Production