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LINEAR EDITING AND NLE:Episode, Scene, Editing, Production Switcher

<< DAY OF RECORDING/PRODUCTION:Rehearsals,Point to ponder
MIXING AND USES OF EFFECTS:Live Sound Effects, ARROW STRIKING >>
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TV News Reporting and Production ­ MCM 516
VU
LESSON 14
LINEAREDITING AND NLE
Thedifferent mediums of performing artsare dependent on distinctive personswho are the backbone of
anyparticular medium.
Film is a director medium.
Theater is an actor medium.
Radio is a speaker medium.
Television is a producer medium.
After the recording is completed with the announcement of "pack up" the recorded material on different
tapescalled "Chunks" in form of bits and pieces of scenes and shots with tapes numbered and marked
aretaken to the editing deskfor post-production.
It is always good to have noting of all recorded chunks on a paper by the producer or any of the
assistants, as it is the guideline for the editing.The noting shouldhave:
Episode
Scene
Take
Writingall these details in a register will be helpful duringediting of the programme as it is said,
"Memorandum is always better thanmemory"
Onemust not put the memory in to examination and written matter is always recorded.
Editing
Theword edit is synonymous to prepare, correct, tidy up, check over, revise, amend, change, alter,
modify, adjust, transform. It is to trim or better, add or remove from the existingwritten matter or visual
material.The words of editor, editorial,sub-editor, editor and chiefeditor are derived from the same.
Editing suite/room
Theediting apparatus consists of a panel like a keyboard of a computer added by a round knob to shuttle
and jog on machines having recorded material with differentmonitors for the separatedisplay. Usually
there are three recording machinesused as:
Player 1
Player 2
Recorder
Players are the sources that supply the chunks recorded in bits and pieces.Normally first player has the
basicvisuals that are mainvideo and player two has the secondary data that can be background voice or
some strips, graphics, names to be super-imposed, overlaid or inserted on the primary video while the
recorder takes the final output given by the both players.
Types of Editing
Thereare two types of editing techniques used according to machines.
LinearEditing
Non-linearEditing (NLE)
LinearEditing
It is time bound as a particulartime code is followed to access different data.
It is done on and by videocassettes andtapes.
Videocassettesplayers and recorders areused in it.
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TV News Reporting and Production ­ MCM 516
VU
Non-linearEditing (NLE)
It is not time bound as with a single keystroke or mouseclick different data can be accessed.
It is done on computers as the data is transferred from tapes to computers.
Varioussoftware programmes are used in it.
Editor
Editor is the one who plays a vitalrole in post-production phase.Like director, cameramanand
designer,editor also has a directimpact on any programme production.The harmony and coordination
between the editor and the producer is verynecessary as the editing caneither polish or tarnish the
finishedproduct.
During the process of editing the synchronization and equation of both the producer and editor is very
importantand it speeds up the pace or the work as well as it improves the programme quality.
The choice of editing either linear or non-linear solely depends on the producer, as s/he has to anticipate
the needs according to availabletechnical facilities. Linearediting is in vogue now a day due to its
variety of effects, more options and provision of more audio and video layers to make a programme
more colourful and bright howeverlinear editing is speedy and less time-consuming.
Production Switcher
Theswitcher is an 18-input videoswitcher designed for bothlive production and post-production.Like
anyvideo switcher, the canperform video transitionssuch as wipes, mixes, keys,etc. The alone is not
capable of digital video effects.
Theswitcher is a very complexdevice with many levels of operational functions. To keep things as
simple as possible, we will focus primarily on the Downstream Bus Rows consisting of the preview and
programbuses (bottom two) withonly occasional use of the KeyBus Row and the M/E BusRows (top
two).For most projects the set-upfunctions of the switcher will be preset by the instructor.During
rehearsal,Technical Directors (TDs)are encouraged to ask questions of the instructor in order to fully
understand the steps necessary for a successfully switched program. However, instead of simply
memorizing a set of keystrokes, we encourage you to attempt to fully understand the processthat is at
work.
The18-input switcher has sixteenvideo bus inputs and twoauxiliary inputs.
·
BLK Black Video
·
R.S.Routing Switcher
·
CAM 1
·
CAM 2
·
CAM 3
·
VTR 1
·
VTR 2
·
DEKO 1 Graphics
·
DEKO 2 Graphics
·
CB Color Bars
·
COLORBackground color generator
·
M/E Mix/Effects bank
In addition, the student will utilize the Downstream Transition Group consisting of the following
buttons:
BKG MIX Mixes between the program and previewbuses
UNI KEY MIX Mixes in the video signal feeding the uni keyer
DS KEY MIX Mixes in the video signal feeding the downstream keyer
FADE Mixes to or from black
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TV News Reporting and Production ­ MCM 516
VU
Downstream Fader and the Downstream Auto-transitionGroup consisting of the following buttons can
also be used:
TRANPerforms the selected transition at a rate specified in the setuppanel
TRAN REV Performs the selected transition in reverseorder
CUTPerforms a cut or instantaneous transition.
Switcher Inputs
0
BLACK
1
ROUTINGSWITCHER
2
VTR 1 (DVC PRO 1)
3
VTR 2 (DVC PRO 2)
4
VTR 3 (BETA SP PB/REC)
5
VTR 4 (BETA SP PB)
6
VTR 5 (3/4 INCH)
7
CAMERA 1
8
CAMERA 2
9
CAMERA 3
10
CAMERA 4
11
SYNCHRONIZER
12
COLORBARS
13
DEKO 1
14
DEKO 2
15
TOASTER 2
16
A51
17
COLOR
18
M/E
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Table of Contents:
  1. CREATIVITY AND IDEA GENERATION FOR TELEVISION:Video Procedures
  2. PRE-REQUISITES OF A CREATIVE PRODUCER/DIRECTOR:SET-UP RESPONSIBILITIES
  3. REFINING AN IDEA FOR PRODUCTION:Drama, Magazine Shows, Documentary
  4. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT:Variable. Pure and applied research
  5. RESEARCH AND REVIEWS:Research Procedure, Review of available literature
  6. SCRIPT WRITING:Elements of a successful story, Characters, Effects
  7. PRE-PRODUCTION PHASE:Indoor production, Outdoor production, Essentials of PBE
  8. SELECTION OF REQUIRED CONTENT AND TALENT:Camera rehearsal
  9. PROGRAMME PLANNING:Checklist, Electronic Field Production (EFP)
  10. PRODUCTION PHASE:Floor plan, Traditional set, Representational set, Design elements
  11. CAMERA WORK:Movement of lens of camera, Types of shots
  12. LIGHT AND AUDIO:Importance of sound in TV, Use of microphone, Loudness
  13. DAY OF RECORDING/PRODUCTION:Rehearsals,Point to ponder
  14. LINEAR EDITING AND NLE:Episode, Scene, Editing, Production Switcher
  15. MIXING AND USES OF EFFECTS:Live Sound Effects, ARROW STRIKING
  16. SELECTION OF THE NEWS:Elements of news, Timeliness, proximity
  17. WRITING OF THE NEWS:The inverted pyramid, Lead, Credit line
  18. EDITING OF THE NEWS:Characteristics of good news:Process of editing a news
  19. COMPILATION OF NEWS BULLETIN:Hard news, Soft news, Investigative report
  20. PRESENTATION OF NEWS BULLETIN
  21. MAKING SPECIAL BULLETINS:Agriculture, Show biz, Fashion, Drama
  22. TECHNICAL CODES, TERMINOLOGY, AND PRODUCTION GRAMMAR
  23. TYPES OF TV PRODUCTION:Magazine Shows, Specific audience programming
  24. DRAMA AND DOCUMENTARY:Documentary film, Defining documentary
  25. SOURCES OF TV NEWS:Reporters, Correspondents, Monitoring, News Agency
  26. FUNCTIONS OF A REPORTER
  27. BEATS OF REPORTING:City reporter, Social reporters, Show-biz reporter
  28. STRUCTURE OF NEWS DEPARTMENT:Beat Reporters, Online media
  29. ELECTRONIC FIELD PRODUCTION:Sports, Electronic news gathering
  30. LIVE TRANSMISSIONS:Studio floor, Switcher, Master control room, Camera control units
  31. QUALITIES OF A NEWS PRODUCER:Determination, Awareness, Sharp an active
  32. DUTIES OF A NEWS PRODUCER
  33. ASSIGNMENT/NEWS EDITOR:Accuracy, Fairness and Reliability, Conflict
  34. SHOOTING A NEWS FILM:The Influence of telecast News
  35. PREPARATION OF SPECIAL REPORTS:Uncovering Truth, Reportage
  36. INTERVIEWS, VOX POPS AND PUBLIC OPINIONS:INTERVIEW, Information
  37. BACK GROUND VOICE AND VOICE OVER:Natural or Raw Sound, Sound Effects
  38. SPOKEN WORDS AND RELEVANT VISUALS:Digital Audio, Quantizing Error
  39. TALK SHOWS, FORUMS AND DISCUSSION PROGRAMMES
  40. FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF A TV SET UP
  41. PROGRAMMES DEPARTMENT:Program content, Television series by genre
  42. NEWS AND CURRENT AFFAIRS THE PROGRAMMING & SCHEDULING
  43. COORDINATION AMONG DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF TELEVISION
  44. COORDINATION AMONG DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF TELEVISION - 2 SUB-DEPARTMENTS AND SMALL SECTIONS
  45. COORDINATION AMONG DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF TELEVISION 3