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JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY AND VIOLENCE:Freudian Methods, JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY

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Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
Lesson 11
JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY
AND VIOLENCE
Objective:
To understand the basic concepts of typology
To become more familiar with Extraversion and Introversion
To have an understanding of the Four psychological Functions
Topic from previous lesson
Defense mechanisms and violence
Now let's have a look at that how defense mechanisms provide foundation stone for violence and
aggression.
Denial and violence: If some is not accepting the reality and determine that he will prove the truth,
result can be violence
Repression and violence: fighting with one's own hidden desires, like if some one is abundant with
unconscious sexual desires may start fighting against immorality.
Rationalization and violence: all violence involves some kind of rationalization, like countries make
lame excuses for war and crusade against other countries.
Projection and violence: you can attack other people if you have some thing evil in your self like
fighting with one's own evil desires in shape of social "jihad".
Displacement and violence: displacement usually results in assault and violence like aggression on
boss can be displaced to wife and wife will preempt her aggression on children and elder children will
dislodge their anger on younger siblings and younger child may kick a cat. Turning against the self is
another very special form of displacement, where the person becomes their own substitute target ans
suicide can be the result. It is normally used in reference to hatred, anger, and aggression, rather than
more positive impulses, and it is the Freudian explanation for many of our feelings of inferiority, guilt,
and depression. The idea that depression is often the result of the anger we refuse to acknowledge is
accepted by many people.
Regression and violence: A reversion to immature patterns of behavior can lead to assault for instance
a child picks a candy from table and 200 pounds heavy regressed man (thinking he is only 5) can beat
that child and consequences can be threatening.
Overcompensation and violence: Making up for frustration in one area by over-gratification in another
like excessive eating, use of drugs, going to prostitutes e.t.c.
Acting Out and violence: Manifestation of emotional anxiety into physical symptoms, so violence and
assault is very likely as person already brings out the conflicts in the shape of physical attacks.
Splitting and violence: viewing other people as perfectly good or bad, so exaggerated thinking that
other is evil and bad can lead to violence.
Freudian Methods
Hypnosis to Free Association
Freud started the use of Free association, after he became dissatisfied with the hypnosis-based
"cathartic" treatment of hysterical symptoms practiced by his colleague Josef Breuer (1842-1925)
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Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
For free association to be effective, it is important for the patient to share his or her thoughts freely
without regard to whether they are logical, consistent, or socially appropriate. Even thoughts that seem
trivial, bizarre, or embarrassing should be reported without hesitation. Initially, free association can be
difficult, because people are accustomed to editing their thoughts, presenting them in a logical, linear
fashion, and leaving out potentially embarrassing material. However, the technique becomes more
comfortable with practice and with encouragement by the therapist.
Dream Interpretation.
Freud spent many years hypothesizing about the role of dreams and their interpretation. He defines the
states of sleep to be a period of uproar and chaos during which the unconscious thoughts of the id
attempt to force their way into consciousness (Freud, 1949, p. 38). In order to interpret a dream,
which develops from either the id or the ego, certain assumptions must be made, including the
acknowledgment that what is recalled from a dream is only a front wall behind which the meaning must
be inferred. Dreams are undoubtedly caused by conflict and are characterized by their power to bring up
memories that the dreamer has forgotten their strong use of symbolism, and their ability to reproduce
repressed impressions of the dreamer's childhood (Freud, 1949, p. 40). In addition, dreams, which are
fulfillments of wishes, according to Freud (1949), are capable of bringing up impressions that cannot
have originated from the dreamer's life (Freud, 1949, p. 45).Insight is gain through continuous
process of interpretation.
JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY
Freud has many followers and one of them was Carl Gustav Jung who was a Swiss psychiatrist and
founder of analytic psychology. He disagreed with Freud on his embellished emphasis on sexual desires.
Jung believed that sexuality is important idea but there are several phenomenons that do not come under
this umbrella. Spiritualism, mysticism and religion are beyond the realm of sexuality and have personal
existence, so he separated from Freud and proposed his own culture, religion and mysticism based ideas.
Carl Jung popularized the notion that people fall into two attitude types and talked about Extraversion
and Introversion as the two ways of responding to the world.
1. Introvert
2. Extrovert
These two elements of the human body are both physical and mental aspects that give us reasons to
most of our actions.
Extroverts
An extrovert is a person is very social they like to go to parties and thinks in a way that centers on and
around the object, the object being a task or a
Extrovert
Introvert
person. They feel the most energized through
interactions with others and feel the most drained or
Outer world
Inner world
down when they are alone.
Exposing feelings
Concealing feelings
Introverts
Unlike extroverts, are more reserved, less outgoing,
Breadth
Depth
and less sociable. Instead of attending a party,
introverts like to stay at home and read a book.
Interaction, action
Concentration,
Introverts get their energy from themselves and are
reflection
drained by people. An introvert is a person who
thinks in a way that centers on his or her own
People, things
Ideas, thoughts
feelings and thoughts about a situation. And are
energized by spending time on solitary activities and
will find being around many people at once bothers them.
According to Jung no one is completely introvert or extrovert, people have both introvert and extrovert
dimensions of personality but only one dimension is dominant.
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Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
The four Ego Functions
According to Jung, the Ego has four psychological functions, four different fundamental ways of
perceiving and interpreting reality, and two ways of responding to it.
Jung divided people into Thinking, Feeling, Sensation, and Intuition types, arranging these four in a
compass.
Intuition
Feeling
------|------
Thinking
Sensation
Sensation
Feeling
Thinking
Intuition
These consist of two diametrically-opposed pairs. Thinking is the opposite of Feeling, and Sensation
the opposite of Intuition. So, suggests Jung, if a person has the Thinking function (an analytical, "head"-
type way of looking at the world) highly developed, the Feeling function (the empathetic, value-based
"heart"-type way of looking at things) will be correspondingly undeveloped, and in fact suppressed.
The same goes for Sensation and Intuition. Sensation is orientation "outward" to physical reality, and
Intuition "inward" to psychic reality.
Jung arranges these four functions into two pairs of opposites. Firstly there are the two perceiving (or,
non-rational) functions of Sensation and Intuition. Secondly, there are the two judging (or, rational)
functions of Thinking and Feeling.Jung believes that whichever function dominates consciousness (e.g.,
Thinking), its opposite (e.g., Feeling) will be repressed and therefore will tend to characterise
unconscious functioning.
Sensation-Intuition
Thinking-Feeling
THINKING refers to the faculty of rational analysis; of understanding and responding to things through
the intellect, the "head" so to speak. Thinking means connecting ideas in order to arrive at a general
understanding. The Thinking-type often appears detached and unemotional. The Scientist and the
Philosopher are examples of the "thinking type", which is found more commonly in men.
FEELING is the interpretation of things at a value- level, a "heart"-level rather than a "head"-level.
Feeling evaluates, it accepts or rejects an idea on the basis of whether it is pleasant or unpleasant.
According to Jung this is the emotional personality type, and occurs more frequently in women.
Thinking and Feeling are both rational, in that they both require an act of Judgment. Sensation and
Intuition are both irrational, in that they involve no reason, but simply result from stimuli
(whether external or internal) acting upon the individual.
SENSATION means conscious perception through the sense-organs. The Sensation personality-type
relates to physical stimuli. But there is a difference according to whether the person is an introvert or an
extrovert.
So we could have an Introverted-Sensation type, such as an artist, who experiences the physical world
(sensation) from the perspective of the psychic or inner consciousness (introversion). As opposed to
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Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
this, the Extroverted-Sensation type would be the person who is a simple materialist or hedonist,
interested only in physical or pragmatic things. This type tends to be realistic and practical. At worst,
one may be crudely sensual. This personality-type occurs more often in men.
Finally, INTUITION is like sensation in that it is an experience which is immediately given to
consciousness rather than arising through mental activity (e.g. thinking or feeling). But it differs in that
it has no physical cause. It constitutes an intuition or hunch, a "gut"-level feeling, or an"ESP"
experience. It is the source of inspiration, creativity, novel ideas, etc. According to Jung, the Intuitive
type jumps from image, is interested in a while, but soon loses interest.
Introvert Sensation Feeling
Such people usually stay at home and take pleasure from small activities and things. like watching
movie or reading a book.
Introvert Sensation Thinking
More likely scientists or musicians fall into this category. Such people like to spend time in laboratories
rather then homes and enjoy sensations of chemicals.
Introvert Intuition Feeling
Usually spiritual personalities, Mystics, one extreme example of such people can be "Majzoob". They
are so much indulged in "zikr-e-Allah" that even do not remember about the prayer time.
Introvert Intuition Thinking
They are spiritual people "derwaish" but live like other ordinary people but on the same time have very
minimal social appearance.
Extrovert Sensation Feeling
Such personalities are driven by their sensation and pleasure seeking all the time. Likes to go to parties
(party animals), no planning of life, likes to socialize with people and driven by materialistic things.
Extrovert Sensation Thinking
Such personalities are also very social but planning and thinking is also involved. Politicians, actors and
actresses fall into this category.
Extrovert Intuition Feeling
These people are easy speakers. They tend to idealize their friends. They make good parents, but have a
tendency to allow themselves to be used. They make good therapists, teachers, executives, and
salespeople. Generally very religious people in the public, who take up issues and causes and feel for
other people and things, persists come under this category.
Extrovert Intuition Thinking
These personalities are well balanced and present a favorable image, they lack feelings but are good
thinkers. Good teachers, communicators fall into this category.
How these types can lead to violence?
Jung's typology is very famous and according to him an imbalance can lead to abnormality and
violence.
Introversion and violence
There are obvious chances that if a person is completely introvert may have strange opinions and
concepts about other people and can misinterpret others, such misunderstanding can lead to various
types of violence and aggressions. Not necessarily all introverts misunderstand others and resort to
violence but in extreme cases violence can be the result.
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Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
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Extroversion and violence
People who are very social and meet an immense number of different personalities may end up with
offending some one, violence can be the scenario.
Sensation Seeking, Feeling and violence
Individuals, who are the slaves of their sensations and feelings, have no planning and connection with
the spirituality, morality and consequences can get involve in drug uses, illegal sexual activities, violent,
aggressive and dangerous behaviors.
Thinking, Intuition and violence
Thinkers and intuitionist usually do not resort to violence.
Collective Unconscious
Collective unconscious is another term of analytical psychology originally used by Carl Jung. This
concept is based on the Freudian concept of unconscious, although Freud did not distinguish between an
"individual psychology" and a "collective psychology", Jung distinguished the collective unconscious
from the personal unconscious particular to each human being. The collective unconscious is also
known as "a reservoir of the experiences of our species." But the problem with Jung's idea is he did
not point out whether it is a universal unconscious or a racial / cultural unconscious as his written
theory pointed out.
Cultural Dreams
Instead of talking about individual dreams Jung gave the notion of cultural dreams. Carl Jung believed
dreams content uses symbolic language. He proposed that a dream expresses collective racial
unconscious memories and instincts shared by all people.
Fairy/Folk Tales
Jung believed that folktales grew out of our "collective unconscious," experiences that are rooted in the
past of all mankind so that stories which grew out of them are found among all peoples.
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Table of Contents:
  1. INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY:Future of Forensic Psychology
  2. INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC PSYCHOOGY:Way of police investigation
  3. FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY AND POLICE:Violent Criminals
  4. POLICE PSYCHOLOGY:Use of excessive force, Corruption, Personnel Selection
  5. POLICE PSYCHOLOGY:Fitness-for-Duty Evaluation (FFDE), False Confessions
  6. INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY:For instance, Empirical and logical approach
  7. INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY:Crime Scene Investigation, Staging
  8. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE:Law of Conservation of Energy, Super ego
  9. PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL AND VIOLENCE:Fixation at Oral Stage
  10. PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL AND VIOLENCE:Defense Mechanism, Rationalization
  11. JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY AND VIOLENCE:Freudian Methods, JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY
  12. JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY AND VIOLENCE:Religion and mental illnesses
  13. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE AND VIOLENCE:Shadow’s violence, Child’s violence
  14. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE AND VIOLENCE:Operant Conditioning
  15. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE AND VIOLENCE:Schedules of Punishment
  16. SOCIAL LEARNING MODEL AND VIOLENCE:Observational learning, Vicarious punishment
  17. MORAL DEVELOPMENT AND VIOLENCE:Symbolic functioning, Formal operational stage
  18. BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL:Mental hospitals are factories of abuse
  19. ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE ABOUT VIOLENCE:Morality is essential
  20. ISLAMIC MODEL:Nafs al-Ammara, Nafs al-Lawwama, Nafs ul Naatiqa
  21. TREATMENTS FOR THE SOUL:Tawba, Sabr o Shukr, Niyyat o Ikhlaas, Taffakkur
  22. CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY:Personality Disorders, Common Crimes
  23. CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY AND VIOLENCE:Mnemonic, Similarities
  24. CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY AND VIOLENCE:Terrorism and Psychopaths
  25. LEARNING DISABILITIES/MENTAL RETARDATION AND VIOLENCE
  26. ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS:Reasons for referral, Personality Inventories
  27. ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS:Different cutoff scores
  28. RISK ASSESSMENT:Violence reduction scale, Stability of Family upbringing
  29. TREATMENT OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR / PERSONALITY PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY
  30. JUNGINA THERAPEUTIC MODEL:Limits of re-parenting, Personality Typologies
  31. GROUP THERAPY FOR OFFENDERS:Learning in Groups, Humanistic Groups
  32. PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS:Narrative Therapy
  33. PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS:Solution Focused Therapy
  34. PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS:Avoiding reactance, Externalization
  35. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN FORENSIC SETTINGS AND SPECIAL CHALLENGES
  36. FORENSIC PSYCHOTHERAPY:Exploring therapeutic alliance, Music Therapy
  37. VIOLENCE REDUCTION PROGRAM:Target Population, Lack of motivation
  38. VIOLENCE REDUCTION PROGRAM:Criminal attitude, Interpersonal Aggression
  39. VICTIM SUPPORT:Main features of PTSD, Emotional Support
  40. VICTIM SUPPORT:Debriefing, Desensitization, Eidetic Therapy, Narrative Therapy
  41. SUBSTANCE MISUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM:Marijuana, Unconventional drugs
  42. SUBSTANCE MISUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM:Stages of Change, Homosexuality
  43. EXPERT WITNESS:Insanity Pleas, Sexual Offence Risk, Instructions
  44. COUNTER TERRORISM:Misconceptions, Psychologists & Propaganda war
  45. SUMMING UP FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY:Problems with Risk Assessment, Expert Witness