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FINAL OVERVIEW:Ethical issues, Influencing skills, Counseling Approaches

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Theory and Practice of Counseling - PSY632
VU
Lesson 45
FINAL OVERVIEW
Major Parts of the Course
·  Part I: Introduction to foundation and historical background of counseling
·  Part II: Counseling process and methods
·  Part III: Counseling Approaches
·  Part IV: Specialties in the practice of Counseling
Part I: Introduction to Foundation and Historical Background
Introduction
Counseling is a distinct profession that has developed in a variety of ways in 20th century.
Counseling is defined as:
·
"An interaction in which the counselor offers another person the time, attention, and respect necessary to
explore, discover and clarify ways of living more resourcefully, and to his or her greater well-being" (The
BAC, 1999)
·
Distinction between help, guidance, and psychotherapy
·
Historical overview: 20th century- To date
­
Vocational Guidance Movement: Parsons
­
Mental Health Movement: Clifford Beers
­
Standardized testing: World Wars
­
Licensure and legislation
Ethical issues
·
Clients' rights
·
Keeping Relationships Professional
·
Professional responsibility
Effective counselor
·  Personal characteristics
­ Empathy
­ Positive regard
­ Genuineness
­ Other: Motives, values, emotions, etc.
·
Daily world of counselor
·
The Multidimensional Health and Wellness Model
Part II: Counseling Process & Methods
·  Microskills are observable actions of counselors & therapists that appear to effect positive change
in the session:
·  Attending skills
·  Listening skills
·  Influencing skills
·  Focus and selective attention
·  Confrontation & challenging
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Theory and Practice of Counseling - PSY632
VU
Attending skills
Nonverbal communication
·
Body language & movement, touch
·
Paralinguistics: pitch, tone, volume,
·
Physical space
·
Timing
Listening & Understanding Skills
·  Possess an Attitude of Respect & Acceptance
·  Tune into the Client's Internal Viewpoint
·  Opening remarks
·  Open questions
·  Paraphrasing
·  Reflection of feeling
·  Summarization
Basic Listening Sequence (BLS)
Influencing skills
·
Interpretation/ reframing
·
Directive
·
Advice/information
·
Self-disclosure
·
Feedback
·
Logical consequences
·
Influencing summary
Focused and selective attention:
·
Initial focus
·
Focused responding
Challenging skills
·
Speak for themselves
·
Mixed messages
·
Challenging possible distortions of reality
·
Acknowledging choice
·
Reframing
How to challenge?
Counseling Process
·  Structure
·  Initiative (resistance and reluctance)
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Theory and Practice of Counseling - PSY632
VU
·
Setting
·
Client Qualities
·
Counselor Qualities
Phases of Counseling Interviews
·
Initial session: resistance
·
Action and understanding phase: transference
·
Termination
Part III: Counseling Approaches
Psychoanalytic Approach
·
Classical Psychoanalytic approach
·
Neo-Freudians:
­ Adler
­ Jung
­ Karen Horney
­ Sullivan
Affective Approaches
·
Emphasize human phenomenology
·
Emphasize person-to-person relationship
·
Humanistic in orientation
·
Share a common problem: Vagueness
Cognitive Behavioral Approaches
·
Cognitive Approaches
o  Stress inocculation
o  Beck's cognitive therapy:
o  RET
o  Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis
·
Behavioral Approaches
Part IV: Specialties in the Practice of Counseling
·   Groups
·  Marriage & Family counseling
·  Career counseling
·  Career Counseling
·  Community counseling & Consulting
Diagnosis and Assessment
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Table of Contents:
  1. INTRODUCTION:Counseling Journals, Definitions of Counseling
  2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND COUNSELING & PSYCHOTHERAPY
  3. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1900-1909:Frank Parson, Psychopathic Hospitals
  4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:Recent Trends in Counseling
  5. GOALS & ACTIVITIES GOALS OF COUNSELING:Facilitating Behavior Change
  6. ETHICAL & LEGAL ISSUES IN COUNSELING:Development of Codes
  7. ETHICAL & LEGAL ISSUES IN COUNSELING:Keeping Relationships Professional
  8. EFFECTIVE COUNSELOR:Personal Characteristics Model
  9. EFFECTIVE COUNSELOR:Humanism, People Orientation, Intellectual Curiosity
  10. EFFECTIVE COUNSELOR:Cultural Bias in Theory and Practice, Stress and Burnout
  11. COUNSELING SKILLS:Microskills, Body Language & Movement, Paralinguistics
  12. COUNSELING SKILLS COUNSELOR’S NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION:Use of Space
  13. COUNSELING SKILLS HINTS TO MAINTAIN CONGRUENCE:
  14. LISTENING & UNDERSTANDING SKILLS:Barriers to an Accepting Attitude
  15. LISTENING & UNDERSTANDING SKILLS:Suggestive Questions,
  16. LISTENING & UNDERSTANDING SKILLS:Tips for Paraphrasing, Summarizing Skills
  17. INFLUENCING SKILLS:Basic Listening Sequence (BLS), Interpretation/ Reframing
  18. FOCUSING & CHALLENGING SKILLS:Focused and Selective Attention, Family focus
  19. COUNSELING PROCESS:Link to the Previous Lecture
  20. COUNSELING PROCESS:The Initial Session, Counselor-initiated, Advice Giving
  21. COUNSELING PROCESS:Transference & Counter-transference
  22. THEORY IN THE PRACTICE OF COUNSELING:Timing of Termination
  23. PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACHES TO COUNSELING:View of Human Nature
  24. CLASSICAL PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH:Psychic Determination, Anxiety
  25. NEO-FREUDIANS:Strengths, Weaknesses, NEO-FREUDIANS, Family Constellation
  26. NEO-FREUDIANS:Task setting, Composition of Personality, The Shadow
  27. NEO-FREUDIANS:Ten Neurotic Needs, Modes of Experiencing
  28. CLIENT-CENTERED APPROACH:Background of his approach, Techniques
  29. GESTALT THERAPY:Fritz Perls, Causes of Human Difficulties
  30. GESTALT THERAPY:Role of the Counselor, Assessment
  31. EXISTENTIAL THERAPY:Rollo May, Role of Counselor, Logotherapy
  32. COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO COUNSELING:Stress-Inoculation Therapy
  33. COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO COUNSELING:Role of the Counselor
  34. TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS:Eric Berne, The child ego state, Transactional Analysis
  35. BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES:Respondent Learning, Social Learning Theory
  36. BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES:Use of reinforcers, Maintenance, Extinction
  37. REALITY THERAPY:Role of the Counselor, Strengths, Limitations
  38. GROUPS IN COUNSELING:Major benefits, Traditional & Historical Groups
  39. GROUPS IN COUNSELING:Humanistic Groups, Gestalt Groups
  40. MARRIAGE & FAMILY COUNSELING:Systems Theory, Postwar changes
  41. MARRIAGE & FAMILY COUNSELING:Concepts Related to Circular Causality
  42. CAREER COUNSELING:Situational Approaches, Decision Theory
  43. COMMUNITY COUNSELING & CONSULTING:Community Counseling
  44. DIAGNOSIS & ASSESSMENT:Assessment Techniques, Observation
  45. FINAL OVERVIEW:Ethical issues, Influencing skills, Counseling Approaches